Pregnyl HCG - 5000IU

HG_42

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Product Name: HCG - 5000IU
Substance: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Content: 1ml vial / 5000 IU
Manufacturer: Organon, Netherlands / Parallel pharmacy grade according to availability

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Data sheet

Active IngredientsHuman Chorionic Gonadotropin
Route of AdministrationIntramuscular Injection

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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Danielle Betz; Kathleen Fane.

Author Information and Affiliations

Last Update: August 14, 2023.

Introduction

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a chemical created by trophoblast tissue, tissue typically found in early embryos and which will eventually be part of the placenta. Measuring hCG levels can be helpful in identifying a normal pregnancy, pathologic pregnancy, and can also be useful following an aborted pregnancy. There is also a benefit in measuring hCG in a variety of cancers including choriocarcinoma and extra-uterine malignancies.

Etiology and Epidemiology

Human chorionic gonadotropin is a hormone produced primarily by syncytiotrophoblastic cells of the placenta during pregnancy. The hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to produce progesterone to maintain the pregnancy. Smaller amounts of hCG are also produced in the pituitary gland, the liver, and the colon.[1] As previously mentioned, certain malignancies can also produce either hCG or hCG-related hormone. Trophoblastic cancers (hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, and germ cell tumors) are associated with high serum levels of hCG-related molecules.

The hormone itself is a glycoprotein composed of two subunits, the alpha and beta subunits.[1] There are multiple forms found in the serum and urine during pregnancy including the intact hormone and each of the free subunits. HCG is primarily catabolized by the liver, although about 20% is excreted in the urine. The beta subunit is degraded in the kidney to make a core fragment which is measured by urine hCG tests.

Specimen Requirements and Procedure

Urine Testing

  • Urine should not be collected after the patient has been drinking a large amount of fluid, as a dilute specimen may result in a falsely negative test.[2]
  • Blood in the urine may cause a false positive test result.

Serum Testing

  • Peripheral blood can be obtained for a serum hCG test.

Diagnostic Tests

Serum tests for hCG are immunometric assays. This means that they use 2two antibodies that bind to the hCG molecule, a fixed antibody and a radiolabeled antibody which adhere to different sites on the molecule, sandwiching and immobilize the molecule to make it detectable.[3] Assays involve washing away the excess serum components and measuring the amount of remaining labeled hCG to give a quantitative result. There are more than 100 different assays commercially available which results in significant variability in reported values.

Urine assays are similar, although many detect total hCG levels greater than 20 mIU/mL.[4] Many over-the-counter urine pregnancy tests do not detect hyperglycosylated hCG, which accounts for most of the hCG in early pregnancy, resulting in a wide range of sensitivities of these tests.

Serum testing is much more sensitive and specific than urine testing. Urine testing, however, is more convenient, affordable, comfortable for patients, has a fast turnaround (5 to 10 minutes), and does not require a medical prescription.

Testing Procedures

Urine Testing

  • Urine is placed in or on a designated receptacle (most commercially available and medical point of care tests)
  • An indicator (typically a colored line or symbol), along with a control, will appear if the test is positive
  • An isolated control line/symbol will be evident if the test is negative

Serum Testing

  • Serum hCG testing is performed in a laboratory equipped with the proper machinery and uses a peripheral blood sample
  • If a hook effect/gestational trophoblastic disease is suspected, the lab should perform a dilution prior to testing

Interfering Factors

There are multiple reasons why an hCG test (serum or urine) may have a false report. While uncommon, false positive hCG tests can result in unnecessary medical care and/or irreversible surgical procedures. False negatives may be equally concerning and result in a delay in care or diagnostic evaluation. Potential causes of false results are listed and briefly discussed.

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Pregnyl HCG - 5000IU

Pregnyl HCG - 5000IU

Product Name: HCG - 5000IU
Substance: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Content: 1ml vial / 5000 IU
Manufacturer: Organon, Netherlands / Parallel pharmacy grade according to availability

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